Propylene Glycol (PG)
Propylene glycol, also called 1,2-propanediol or propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound (a diol or double alcohol) with formula C3H8O2. It is a colorless, nearly odorless, clear, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste, hygroscopic andmiscible with water, acetone, and chloroform.
The compound is sometimes called α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol (β-propylene glycol).
PG adalah pembawa flavor yang baik.
Vegetable Glycerin (VG)
Glycerol (or glycerine, glycerin) is a simple polyol (sugar alcohol) compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol has three hydroxyl groups that are responsible for its solubilityin water and its hygroscopic nature. The glycerol backbone is central to all lipids known as triglycerides. Glycerol is sweet-tasting and generally considered non-toxic.
VG adalah pembawa vapor yang baik.
Nicotine
Nikotin (atau nikotina) ialah sejenis sebatian organik yang dijumpai secara semulajadi di dalam pokok tembakau (daun tembakau mempunyai kandungan nikotin paling tinggi). Sebanyak 5% daripada berat tembakau ialah nikotin.
Nikotin merupakan racun saraf manjur ( potent nerve poison ) dan digunakan di dalam racun serangga. Pada kepekatan rendah, bahan ini bertindak sebagai peransang dan adalah salah satu sebab utama mengapa merokok digemari dan dijadikan tabiat. Selain tembakau. nikotin juga ditemui di dalam tumbuhan familiSolanaceae termasuk tomato, terung ungu ( eggplant ), ubi kentang, dan lada hijau.
Flavor concentrates
Pati perasa yang digunakan perlu melepasi pharmaceutical grade. Berikut adalah contoh flavor yang biasa digunakan.
- Bickford Flavors
- Capella
- Cupcake World
- Faerie's Finest
- FlavourArt
- Flavor West
- LorAnn
- The Perfumer's Apprentice
- Seedman's Flavors
- Tasty Puff Flavors
Enhancer
Acid Citric
HCA (Hydroxycitric acid) ialah bahan ekstrak dari buah Garcinia Cambogia yang berasal dari India Selatan. Penyelidikan klinikal yang dibuat di Amerika Syarikat menunjukkan HCA boleh mengurangkan pembentukan asid lemak dan penyimpanan lemak di badan serta menekan selera makan. Produk popular Amerika Syarikat “Citrimax” merupakan produk HCA.
HCA bertindak dengan menghalang perubahan glukosa menjadi lemak melalui sekatan tindakan enzim ATP Citrare Lyase. HCA juga menyekat laluan glikolisis dan ini mengurangkan penyerapan tenaga dalam badan.
Ethyl Maltol (EM)
Ethyl maltol is an organic compound that is common flavourant in some confectioneries. It is related to the more common flavorant maltol by replacement of the methyl group by an ethyl group.[2] It is a white solid with a sweet smell that can be described as caramalized sugar and cooked fruit.
The conjugate base derived from ethylmaltol, again like maltol, has a high affinity for iron, forming a red coordination complex. In such compounds, the heterocycle is a bidentate ligand.
Sweetener
Stevia
Stevia (/ˈstiːvɪə/, /ˈstiːvjə/ or /ˈstɛvɪə/)[1][2][3][4] is a sweetener and sugar substitute made from the leaves of the plant species Stevia rebaudiana. Stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, and some of its extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations.
With its steviol glycoside extracts having up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar,[5] stevia has attracted attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar sweeteners. Because stevia has a negligible effect on blood glucose it is attractive to people on carbohydrate-controlled diets.
The availability of stevia varies from country to country. In a few countries, it has been available as a sweetener for decades or centuries; for example, it has been widely used for decades as a sweetener in Japan. In some countries health concerns and political controversies have limited its availability; for example, the United States banned stevia in the early 1990s unless labeled as a dietary supplement,[6][7] but since 2008 it has accepted several specific glycoside extracts as beinggenerally recognized as safe for use as food additives. Over the years, the number of countries in which stevia is available as a sweetener has been increasing. In 2011, stevia was approved for use in the EU.[8][9]
Sucralose
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body, so it is noncaloric.[4] In the European Union, it is also known under the E number (additive code) E955. Sucralose is approximately 320 to 1,000 times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar),[5] twice as sweet as saccharin, and three times as sweet asaspartame. It is stable under heat and over a broad range of pH conditions. Therefore, it can be used in baking or in products that require a longer shelf life. The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability, and safety.[6] Common brand names of sucralose-based sweeteners are Splenda, Sukrana, SucraPlus, Candys, Cukren and Nevella.
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